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"Mitscherlich prepared benzene as early as 1834 by vigorous distillation of and lime."
Pyrolysis[L]arge particles may not be heated uniformly... consequently pyrolysi — Pyrolysis
"[L]arge particles may not be heated uniformly... consequently pyrolysis yields are less. Heating rate is also important. During slow heat-up as... in simple... s most coals begin to decompose [≈]350-400°C. ...[L]iquid and gaseous products ...peak ...[≈]425-475°C. This phase of pyrolysis ends ...[≈]500-550°C. ...[V]ery rapid heating [e.g.] in entrained flow gasifiers ...quickly by-passes this stage, so... evolution of liquids is nil."
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis
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Pyrolysis is a process involving the separation of covalent bonds in organic matter by thermal decomposition within an inert environment without oxygen.
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"Wood and biomass can be used in a variety of ways to provide energy: • by direct combustion... for... heating.., steam production and hence electricity generation. • by gasification to provide fuel gas... for heat, or in an engine or turbine for electricity generation. • by fast pyrolysis to provide a liquid fuel... for fuel oil in... static heating or electricity generation... [and] to produce... chemicals."
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"The organic material in oil shales requires pyrolysis to force the catagenesis of ... This can be done above ground in kilns, or underground with the shale still in place."
PyrolysisQuote
"Gasification of coal... [goes] back to the 1790s at least. Before World War II, the United States... had... [≈20,000] small coal gassifiers... a popular fuel gas until... the interstate natural gas pipeline network... after World War II. Many... were simple pyrolysis or steam-carbon reactions in... crude equipment having serious environmental problems."
PyrolysisQuote
"In industrial practice... design of the pyrolysis reactor affects... composition of liquid products, because... [it] determines how long... primary products are exposed to pyrolysis temperatures..."
PyrolysisQuote
"Fast pyrolysis is a high temperature process in which biomass is rapidly heated in the absence of oxygen. ...[I]t decomposes to generate mostly vapours... s and some . After cooling and condensation, a... liquid is formed which has a heating value about half... conventional . ...Fast pyrolysis ...is carefully controlled to give high yields ..."
Pyrolysis