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About 40 years ago, in the study of quantum s … , in particular in the — Yang–Baxter equation

"About 40 years ago, in the study of quantum s … , in particular in the framework of the … , new algebraic structures arose, the generalizations of which were later called quantum groups … The Yang-Baxter equations became a unifying basis of all these investigations. The most important nontrivial examples of quantum groups are quantizations (or deformations) of ordinary classical s and algebras (more precisely, one considers the deformations of the algebra of functions of a Lie group and the universal enveloping of a Lie algebra). The quantization is accompanied by the introduction of an additional parameter q (the deformation parameter), which plays a role analogous to the role of in quantum mechanics. In the limit q → 1, the quantum groups and algebras go over into the classical ones."
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Yang–Baxter equation
Yang–Baxter equation
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In physics, the Yang–Baxter equation is a consistency equation which was first introduced in the field of statistical mechanics. It depends on the idea that in some scattering situations, particles may preserve their momentum while changing their quantum internal states. It states that a matrix , acting on two out of three objects, satisfies