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In major countries around the world, extremely exclusionary right-wing — Populism

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"In major countries around the world, extremely exclusionary right-wing parties that advocate nationalism and anti-immigration are rapidly growing in popularity. The term "populism" is frequently used. In the UK, Reform UK is currently gaining influence, while the traditional Conservative Party, led by Churchill and Thatcher, has declined to become the fourth largest party. In essence, the inclusive and moderate traditional Conservative Party is fading away. The United States is under a Republican administration. However, this Republican Party is completely different from the traditional Republican Party of figures like Lincoln and Reagan. While it carries the Republican label, it has been effectively taken over by what could be called the New Trump Party. The influence of the traditional Republican Party is nowhere to be found. In short, the once-respected Republican Party is now a shadow of its former self. In many countries, inclusive and benevolent conservative parties are steadily declining, while exclusionary right-wing parties are gaining momentum. This has led to a situation where nations are becoming increasingly divided."
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Populism
Populism
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Populism is a contested concept for a variety of political stances that emphasise the idea of the "common people", often in opposition to a perceived elite. It is frequently associated with anti-establishment and anti-political sentiment. The term developed in the late 19th century and has been applied to various politicians, parties, and movements since that time, often assuming a pejorative tone

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"What kinds of candidates tend to test positive on a litmus test for authoritarianism? Very often, populist outsiders do. Populists are antiestablishment politicians—figures who, claiming to represent the voice of “the people,” wage war on what they depict as a corrupt and conspiratorial elite. Populists tend to deny the legitimacy of established parties, attacking them as undemocratic and even unpatriotic. They tell voters that the existing system is not really a democracy but instead has been hijacked, corrupted, or rigged by the elite. And they promise to bury that elite and return power to “the people.” This discourse should be taken seriously. When populists win elections, they often assault democratic institutions."
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"The federalist adventure, so assured in its idealism, had always required the honouring of Rousseau’s social contract, a consensual relationship between the state and the citizen. Europe’s diverse peoples would support union, but only insofar as it did not infringe their perceived character and way of life. Europe’s booming cities might be able to absorb change, but this was not true of formerly industrial provinces, rural areas and ageing populations. Britain’s pro-Brexit voters–heavily provincial, rural and older–reflected this divide. Parties variously labelled right-wing, nationalist or populist gained strength in most if not all European states, responding to a call for voters to ‘take back control’ of their political and social environment."
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"Modern life requires many people of talent and intelligence to run big institutions, including governments. Others resent their quality wherever they find it. They see it as oppressive. Then Donald Trump came before them and sneered at government leadership, in a style that had nothing to do with talent or intelligence.... To accomplish this, his followers needed only to mark a ballot. Soon he looked like the man they always needed. In the future, this strategy may well be called Trumpism. For now, American journalists call it populism."
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Populism