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"The color gauge theory postulates the existence of eight massless particles, sometimes called s, that are the carriers of the just as the photon is the carrier of the electromagnetic force."
"In this corner, static electricity: the spark... In that corner, magnetism: the trusty realignment of the compass needle. Two different forces? No. The difference is only superficial, because both interactions arise from a single source, the electric charge. An electrostatic field comes about from charges at rest, and the magnetic field comes about from charges in motion. And since motion and rest are merely matters of opinion, who is to say which is which?"

In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination of electrostatics and magnetism, which are distinct but closely intertwined ph
"The color gauge theory postulates the existence of eight massless particles, sometimes called s, that are the carriers of the just as the photon is the carrier of the electromagnetic force."
"Strong, weak and electromagnetic interaction are evidently part of a grand unified theory. These temperatures are today quite inaccessible. They were achieved only in the earliest moments of the Big Bang. Since then, the universe has congealed, losing its symmetry."
"There are many, many "why" questions. Also a number of how questions. What is the mechanism that causes the weak interactions to be weak and the electromagnetic interactions not weak?"
"Symmetry is not enough by itself. In electromagnetism, for example, if you write down all the symmetries we know, such as Lorentz invariance and gauge invariance, you don’t get a unique theory that predicts the of the electron. The only way to do that is to add the principle of renormalisability – which dictates a high degree of simplicity in the theory and excludes these additional terms that would have changed the magnetic moment of the electron from the value Schwinger calculated in 1948."
"After ten years of reflection such a principle resulted from a paradox upon which I had already hit at the age of sixteen: If I pursue a beam of light with the velocity c (velocity of light in a vacuum), I should observe such a beam as a spatially oscillatory electromagnetic field at rest. However, there seems to be no such thing, whether on the bases of experience or according to Maxwells equations. From the very beginning it appeared to me intuitively clear that, judged from the stand-point of such an observer, everything would have to happen according to the same laws as for an observer who, relative to the earth, was at rest."
"How can s be produced in the center of the sun and how can they be detected in laboratories here on earth if they are subject neither to the nor to the electromagnetic one? Another force, the so-called weak force, is responsible. The does participate in that interaction, along with the electron."