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"God, or substance, consisting of infinite attributes, of which each expresses eternal and infinite essentiality, necessarily exists."
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Ethics (Spinoza book)Secondly, that men do all things for an end, namely, for that which is — Ethics (Spinoza book)
"Secondly, that men do all things for an end, namely, for that which is useful to them, and which they seek. Thus it comes to pass that they only look for a knowledge of the final causes of events, and when these are learned, they are content, as having no cause for further doubt. If they cannot learn such causes from external sources, they are compelled to turn to considering themselves, and reflecting what end would have induced them personally to bring about the given event, and thus they necessarily judge other natures by their own."
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Ethics (Spinoza book)
Ethics (Spinoza book)
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Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order is a philosophical treatise written in Latin by Baruch Spinoza. It was written between 1661 and 1675 and was first published posthumously in 1677.
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"By eternity, I mean existence itself, in so far as it is conceived necessarily to follow solely from the definition of that which is eternal. Explanation — Existence of this kind is conceived as an eternal truth, like the essence of a thing, and, therefore, cannot be explained by means of continuance or time, though continuance may be conceived without a beginning or end."
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Ethics (Spinoza book)Quote
"Nothing in the universe is contingent, but all things are conditioned to exist and operate in a particular manner by the necessity of the divine nature."
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Ethics (Spinoza book)Quote
"Extension is an attribute of God, or God is an extended thing."
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Ethics (Spinoza book)Quote
"By reality and perfection I mean the same thing."
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Ethics (Spinoza book)Quote
"That thing is called free, which exists solely by the necessity of its own nature, and of which the action is determined by itself alone. On the other hand, that thing is necessary, or rather constrained, which is determined by something external to itself to a fixed and definite method of existence or action."
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Ethics (Spinoza book)