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"Titanium dioxide was first produced commercially in 1923, primarily for pigment production. Relatively small quantities are used for non-pigmentary purposes."
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Titanium dioxideSince Grätzel et al. developed the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based dye-s — Titanium dioxide
"Since Grätzel et al. developed the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) in 1991... the DSSC has emerged as a promising photovoltaic device, due to its promising power conversion efficiency (PCE), low fabrication cost, and low toxicity..."
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Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide
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Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the inorganic compound derived from titanium with the chemical formula TiO2. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891. It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen,
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"TiO2 has been classified in humans and animals as biologically inert... and is widely considered to be a "natural" material..."
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Titanium dioxideQuote
"The annual worldwide production of titania powder in 2005 has been estimated to be around 5 million tons... The proportion of nano-sized titania is estimated to have been approximately... 10% by 2015... with an exponential increase over the past decade."
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Titanium dioxideQuote
"[I]ts light-scattering properties and very high , which mean that relatively low levels of the pigment are required to achieve a white, opaque coating."
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Titanium dioxideQuote
"Exposure levels [to titanium dioxide]... are assumed to be low... with the possible exception of workers who handle large quanities... No significant exposure... is thought to occur during the use of products in which titanium dioxide is bound to other materials, such as paints."
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Titanium dioxideQuote
"Most titanium dioxide pigment is produced from mineral concentrates by the chloride or sulfate process, either as the rutile or as the anatase form."
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Titanium dioxide