Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is a polar, organic acid that contains a carboxyl group attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO2H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH, with R referring to an organyl group, or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids and fatty acids. Deprotonation of a
"Carboxylic acids are useful reagents and synthetic precursors. The two simplest ones are manufactured on a large scale industrially. Formic acid is employed in the tanning process in the manufacture of leather and in the preparation of latex rubber. It is synthesized effi ciently by the reaction of powdered sodium hydroxide with carbon monoxide under pres sure. This transformation proceeds by nucleophilic addition followed by protonation."
Carboxylic acid"Many of the oxidants employed to prepare aldehydes from primary alcohols may be used to further oxidize the aldehyde initially formed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. The most common oxidants for this purpose include KMnO4, chromic acid, sodium chlorite, silver oxide, and PDC in DMF."
Carboxylic acid"The dipolar Lewis structure indicates the polarization of the C=O bond. Even though it is a minor contributor (because of the lack of an octet on carbon), it explains the deshielding of the carbonyl carbon. In carboxylic acids, however, the corresponding dipolar form contributes less to the resonance hybrid: The hydroxy oxygen can donate an electron pair to give a third arrangement in which the carbon and both oxygen atoms have octets. The degree of positive charge on the carbonyl carbon and therefore its deshielding are greatly reduced. The changes in electron density distribution around the carbonyl function when going from acetone to acetic acid are shown in their respective electrostatic potential maps."
Carboxylic acid
