John H. Freeman

"Entrepreneurs often are organizational products... The capital required, human resources, space, information, permits and licenses are all provided, perhaps grudgingly, by existing organizations."

"Freeman’s early research focused on organizational politics and the variations among organizations in the ratios of managers and supervisors to the rest of the work force. Freeman’s empirical studies revealed that organizations in decline have higher “administrative intensity” than similar-sized growing organizations because staffing decisions are made by managers, who might be expected to favor their close associates. The pattern came to be known as the “Freeman effect” and became a staple of macro-organization theory."