Richard Arnold Epstein

"Shortly after pithecanthropus erectus gained the ascendancy, he turned his attention to the higher-order abstractions."

"Against human opposition the machine usually emerges victorious, since individual patterns tend to be not random but a function of emotions and previous training and experience."

"While no rigorous proof of an optimal strategy has been achieved, Robbins has proposed the principal of "staying on a winner" and has shown it to be uniformly better than a strategy of random selection."

"Although the major gambling casinos do not maintain statistical records on the results of games of Craps, one event has been recorded-that wherein a young man achieved 28 consecutive "passes" at the Desert Inn Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada (June 10, 1950). Odds against such an event are 400 million to 1."

"The hope of a positive expected gain lies in detecting a wheel with sufficient bias."

"There are no conventional games involving conditions of uncertainty without risk."