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"jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and ratfish)"
VertebratesVertebrates
Vertebrates
Vertebrates
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Vertebrates, also called craniates, are animals with a vertebral column and a cranium. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain.
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"tetrapods, which include amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals"
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"So vertebrates like us are unusually huge and unusually fragile, have relatively simple life cycles, and are built from the least common type of cell. The fact that we are not the standard mode of life is important to remember."
Vertebrates
