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"“In biomedical science, the dogma is that there are no differences between men and women. People like myself who design studies looking at both sexes are left with that uphill battle of challenging the dogma.”"
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Sabra Klein“Using mouse models and human clinical samples, we consistently show t — Sabra Klein
"“Using mouse models and human clinical samples, we consistently show that adult females of reproductive ages mount greater immune responses than males. Greater immunity among females is a double‑edged sword. These immune responses protect against infection and improve the effectiveness of vaccines, but an excessive immune response can contribute to tissue damage and disease.”"
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Sabra Klein
Sabra Klein
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Sabra Klein is an American microbiologist who is a Professor of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her research considers how sex and gender impact the immune system. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Klein investigated why men and women have different COVID-19 outcomes.
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"“There is a growing appreciation within the scientific community that the immune systems of men and women differ, which impacts development of infectious diseases. While it is known that infectious diseases affect males more frequently and intensely, the heightened immunity that females experience also makes them more vulnerable to developing immunopathology and autoimmune diseases.”"
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Sabra KleinQuote
"“If you take immune cells from HIV positive men and if you take cells from HIV positive women and you put them on a plate and you expose them to an HIV antigen… immune cells from women are going to be much more reactive, they are going to generate a much more robust and viral response.”"
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Sabra KleinQuote
"“We should have stayed the course and developed a vaccine. We didn’t. We shelved it.”"
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Sabra Klein